If you’re writing literary or mainstream fiction (also called general fiction), the word-count requirements and style guidelines are often not as strict as they are for genre novels. In a previous Newsflash, we offered an article to help you determine if your genre fiction novel meets editors and literary agents’ guidelines for publication. Now, we’re tackling nongenre books. How do you know if your novel is literary or mainstream? Let’s start by looking at the difference between mainstream and literary fiction genres.

What is Literary Fiction? How Do You Know If Your Book Qualifies As Literary?

Literary fiction is fiction of ideas. While the story must be good, emphasis on action is not often as important as emphasis on the ideas, themes, and concerns of the book. Literary fiction tackles “big” issues that are often controversial, difficult, and complex.

Aside from subject matter, literary fiction tends to be written with emphasis on prose style. While genre fiction is “transparent” (readers can see through the text to escape into the story itself), literary writers want the reader to notice how beautiful the writing is. Sometimes the writing prevents the reader from escaping into the story, but that’s not a bad thing in this genre.

Many writers wrongly assume that if their book is not genre fiction (like mystery, romance, or thriller), then it must be literary. But that’s not the case. Literary fiction is very specialized and difficult to do well. Literary readers (especially readers of experimental and “high literary” forms) are very demanding and are sometimes regarded as a niche market.

What is General Fiction? How Do You Know If Your Book Qualifies as Mainstream?

Mainstream fiction, which goes by many other names (like general fiction and literary light), is driven by a mix of genre fiction and literary fiction techniques. In mainstream fiction, the writer must have a strong “hook” or premise. The story must be readable (it must have a traditional plot arc and be relatively plot- and character-driven). Controversy is welcome, but it is not presented in as nuanced a way as in literary fiction. Insight and emotionality are important, but they are often of equal importance as the story.

Mainstream fiction tends to blend transparent language with occasional bouts of prose that feel more literary in tone. Writers of general fiction can have a variety of voices and write in a variety of styles, but all are accessible and not too difficult to read. Insight and perspective are important but should not overshadow story.

Determining How To Market Your Book (Whether To Market As Mainstream Or Literary)

Most novels that don’t fall into the literary category or the genre fiction category are mainstream fiction. If you do not know if your book is literary or mainstream fiction, it is probably mainstream (given that literary fiction is so specialized). Trained literary writers know literary fiction when they see it (and some tend to look at mainstream fiction as one of the commercial genres, as opposed to art). So if you’re not sure that your book is literary, you may want to err on the side of caution by calling your book “mainstream.”

If you are writing literary fiction, it will likely help your cause to have been formally educated or very widely read in modern literary fiction. Having a degree or lots of publication credits in literary journals and magazines goes a long way when an editor is deciding whether to market you as mainstream or literary. For more information on why having a strong bio matters, read Building Publication Credits. Writer's Relief has been helping writers build up their bios by preparing professional submissions since 1994. We can help you build your writing credentials.  

If you don’t have a strong background, you may want to position yourself as a writer of accessible, mainstream fiction (and if you’re trying to produce a best seller, that’s a great place to be).

How Long Is A Literary Novel? How Long Is A Mainstream Novel?

A literary novel can be between 40,000 and 120,000 words long. If you’re a new writer, literary agents and editors will likely want to see a novel between 70,000 and 100,000 words from you. A mainstream novel is usually best-suited when it hits the 70K-100K mark as well.

If you’ve written a literary or a mainstream novel and would like help submitting your work to literary agents, please check out our various packages. Writer’s Relief takes the headache out of the submission process and increases your odds of acceptance. Our clients are multipublished and award winners. For questions, e-mail info@wrelief.com.

In a previous post (Genres Defined Part I), we defined the broadest categories of genres as they relate to books and the publishing industry, and broke them down into some common subgenres. For this post, we added a couple of genres and thought it would be fun to delve a bit deeper into some of the lesser-known subgenres…especially the newer ones with interesting names like cyberpunk and splatterpunk. Catchy, huh?

Romance:

Every supermarket has an aisle with dozens of romance titles, so there’s no denying this genre’s popularity. Some of its subcategories are self-explanatory, as in historical romance, which takes place in—you guessed it—historical times. Combine a historical romance with a good mystery, and you have a historical romance mystery.

Regency romances take place in the early 1800s and are set in England (when the Prince Regent ruled Britain). Inspirational romances have a spiritual theme, and multicultural romances involve characters from different racial backgrounds.

There are also time-travel romances, where the characters travel back and forth between dimensions; paranormal romances, involving otherworldly elements; contemporary romances (set after the World Wars); and Victorian romances, set in Victorian times.

In romance novels there must be a central love story, and there must be an emotionally satisfying ending, as in marriage or a happily-ever-after scenario. Once these two criteria are met, the writer can take a variety of directions and set the story in the present day, historical times, or even in a prehistoric setting.

Speculative Fiction:

The term "speculative fiction" is a broad umbrella that covers several genres, including horror, science fiction, and fantasy. It’s based on speculation about other worlds and otherworldly characters and events.

Science Fiction:

Science fiction is based on futuristic concepts and technological advances—hence the name "science." From this common denominator, the genre can then take one of dozens of paths, depending on plot. Subgenres include time travel, adventure (space exploration, for example), robots and computers, aliens, parallel worlds, and even elements of romance, mystery, and horror.

Science fiction is loosely categorized as either "hard" or "soft," and defining these categories can stir up some hot debate among aficionados. In general, hard science fiction is based on scientific accuracy, and the science is absolutely crucial to the plot. The events in the story could conceivably happen based on technology as we know it, and there’s an element of realism involved. An example may be a novel about a fleet of robots, or a mega-computer that tries to take over the world. Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke are authors who employed this method.

"Soft" science fiction typically focuses on the people or the society who live in the fabricated environment; science and/or technology are a part of the story but are not central to it, and more focus is placed on character development and social issues than realistic scientific breakthroughs. Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale is a good example of soft science fiction.

One new and interesting subgenre has become known as "cyberpunk," based on the short story by that name by Bruce Bethke in 1980. Cyberpunk is usually set in the near future and is based on punk attitudes and information technology. It involves a complete breakdown or a radical change in the social order, and its characters typically live on the edge of this society.

Horror:

Under this genre, subcategories include medical thrillers, vampires, demons, serial killers, and monsters (both human and nonhuman). "Splatterpunk," however, is not quite as clear. The term, coined in the mid ’80s, refers to a category of horror where all boundaries of good taste are crossed, and nothing—absolutely nothing—is sacred. If you’re into gory, shocking, in-your-face horror, this is the genre for you.

Literary Fiction:

In literary fiction, the quality of the writing is the star of the show as opposed to the plot. Literary fiction explores the human condition, and it does so through outstanding writing, innovative language, and original ideas. It’s read by a niche audience and not targeted to the "common man" audience.

Mainstream Fiction:

Mainstream fiction is considered more "popular" because it appeals to a broader audience. Any genre can be used to produce a mainstream or widely popular novel. The plot must have elements to which a broad spectrum of readers can relate, usually focusing on relationships and personal conflicts. Mainstream fiction can be horror, romance, mystery, or science fiction, but it must have this in common: a wide audience. Many of Stephen King’s books, for example, appeal to readers who normally do not buy horror novels.

Whatever the genre, Writer’s Relief can help writers direct their submissions to the best-suited literary agents and editors. (For more articles, see Genre Fiction Rules and Crossing the Great Divide: Writing in Different Genres.)